Cataracts are a common eye condition characterized by the clouding of the natural lens inside the eye, leading to blurry or hazy vision. This clouding typically develops gradually and can occur in one or both eyes. Cataracts often result from aging, but other factors such as prolonged exposure to sunlight, certain medications, or medical conditions may contribute to their formation. Symptoms include reduced clarity of vision, increased sensitivity to glare, and difficulty seeing in low light conditions. Cataract surgery, a common and effective procedure, involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens to restore clear vision.

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. The elevated intraocular pressure is often caused by a buildup of fluid that circulates in the front part of the eye. Glaucoma typically progresses slowly and is often asymptomatic in its early stages, earning it the nickname "the silent thief of sight." As the optic nerve is damaged, peripheral vision may be affected first, and if left untreated, it can lead to permanent blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection, and treatment options include medications, laser therapy, or surgical interventions aimed at reducing intraocular pressure and preserving vision.